SQL AND Operator

The AND operator in SQL is used to combine multiple conditions in a WHERE clause. It ensures that only rows satisfying *all* the specified conditions are included in the result set.

AND: Definition and Usage

AND acts as a logical conjunction. It's like saying "this condition *and* that condition must be true". If any of the conditions connected by AND are false, the entire expression becomes false, and the row is excluded from the results.

Syntax


SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 AND condition2 AND condition3 ...;

Example Database: Customers Table

The following examples use this sample 'Customers' table:

CustomerID	CustomerName	ContactName	Address	City	PostalCode	Country
1	Alfreds Futterkiste	Maria Anders	Obere Str. 57	Berlin	12209	Germany
2	Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados	Ana Trujillo	Avda. de la Constitución 2222	México D.F.	05021	Mexico
3	Antonio Moreno Taquería	Antonio Moreno	Mataderos 2312	México D.F.	05023	Mexico
4	Around the Horn	Thomas Hardy	120 Hanover Sq.	London	WA1 1DP	UK
5	Berglunds snabbköp	Christina Berglund	Berguvsvägen 8	Luleå	S-958 22	Sweden
6	Gusto Grezzo	Giovanni Rovelli	Via Degli Ortolani, 10	Reggio Emilia	42100	Italy
7	Gourmet Lanchonetes	André Fonseca	Av. Brasil 2300	Campinas	01000	Brazil
8	Grandma Kelly's Homestead	Regina Murphy	183 Main St.	Springfield	98100	USA
9	Great Lakes Food Market	Howard Snyder	2732 Baker Blvd.	Eugene	97403	USA
10	Grupo Grabados	Françisco Chang	C/ Araquil, 67	Madrid	28023	Spain

Examples

Multiple Conditions

This query retrieves customers from Spain whose names start with 'G'.

Syntax


SELECT *
FROM Customers
WHERE Country = 'Spain' AND CustomerName LIKE 'G%';

Output


CustomerID | CustomerName      | ContactName     | Address            | City      | PostalCode | Country
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10         | Grupo Grabados     | Françisco Chang | C/ Araquil, 67      | Madrid    | 28023      | Spain

AND with Multiple Conditions

This query demonstrates the use of multiple AND conditions.

Syntax


SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE Country = 'Germany'
AND City = 'Berlin'
AND PostalCode > 12000;

Output


(Only customers from Germany, living in Berlin, with PostalCode > 12000 will be returned)

Combining AND and OR (with parentheses)

Correctly using parentheses with AND and OR is crucial for correct logic.

Syntax


SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE Country = 'Spain'
AND (CustomerName LIKE 'G%' OR CustomerName LIKE 'R%');

Output


(Only Spanish customers whose names start with 'G' or 'R' will be returned)

Combining AND and OR (without parentheses - incorrect)

Illustrating the importance of parentheses. Without them, the logic is different.

Syntax


SELECT * FROM Customers
WHERE Country = 'Spain'
AND CustomerName LIKE 'G%' OR CustomerName LIKE 'R%';

Output


(This will return all customers whose names start with 'R', plus any customers from Spain whose names start with 'G'.  The result is different from the previous example because of the missing parentheses.)